Attempts to understand burma under colonialism have often relied upon john furnivall s now classic discussion of the plural society. Pdf colonialera migratory movements were profoundly transformational. John sydenham furnivall was a britishborn colonial public servant and writer in burma. The plural society and the problem of order university of cape town. G smith 1960, 763 and as fuel of crucial and strategic importance for. Frontier society a social analysis of the history of surinam brill. University of malaya for allowing me to obtain valuable documents and. Adolph wagner and the plural society, the south african. Journal of social issues in southeast asia on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. The social consensus for which adam smith made no allowance, but which, as durkheim pointed out, was essential to laissezfaire societies, is missing in the asian marketplace.
Book furnival books by william jackson books limited. He is credited with coining the concept of the plural society and had a noted career as an influential historian of southeast asia, particularly of the dutch east indies modernday indonesia and british burma. Furnivall was a britishborn colonial public servant and writer in burma. Apr 03, 1977 external pressure from the colonial power see furnivall 1948. He argued that colonialism had destroyed twentieth myanmars traditional social structure and in its place created a plural society where quite different. Pdf pluralism and multiculturalism in colonial and postcolonial. He argued that in south east asia there was a plural society where ethnicities never mixed and only met in the marketplace. Furnivalls plural society and leachs political systems. Furnivall 1944, 1945, 1948 has gained wide currency in the last few years. Despite the reception of the common law and its institutions in the colony, these beliefs ultimately justi. Furnivall adalah penulis dan pegawai negeri kelahiran britania raya yang bekerja di burma. Thus the defining feature of a plural society is seen as this process of the domination of all ethnic groups by the colonial power. Furnivall, masyarakat majemuk merupakan masyarakat yang terdiri atas dua atau lebih komunitas maupun kelompokkelompok yang secara budaya dan ekonomi trpisah secara memiliki strukutyr kelembagaan yang berbeda satu dengan lainnya.
Jelaskan olehmu karakteristik masyarakat majemuk atau plural. Furnivall5 coined the term plural society to describe the social and economic pattern which he. National integration in multicultural 1 faculty of. Furnivall 1939, 2010 supplies an understanding of a plural society as one with two or more elements or social orders that live side by side but do not mingle within one political unit. The main point about the pluralness of a society, according to this.
Dec 14, 2015 the first presents a selective historical overview of burma since the colonial era, organised around js furnivall s concept of the plural society. Ia dikenal sebagai pencetus konsep masyarakat plural dan mencatatkan karier sebagai sejarawan asia tenggara terkemuka, terutama hindia belanda kini indonesia dan burma britania. The foundations of the theory of plural societies were laid by j. On the one hand it has been hailed as essential for comparative sociology. The western superstructure is only one aspect of a distinctive character, common to all tropical dependencies, that cannot fail to impress even.
Reinterpreting the plural society in burma volume 39 issue 2 julie pham please note, due to essential maintenance online purchasing will be unavailable between 6. Furnivalls plural society and leachs political systems of. A noted historian of burma and a founder of the burma research society, john sydenham furnivall 18781960 supported burmese independence and freedom from colonial rule. Masyarakat indonesia pada masa hindia belanda, demikianlah menurut furnivall, merupakan suatu masyarakat majemuk plural society, yakni suatu masyarakat yang terdiri atas dua atau lebih. Antimuslim racism in burma is sponsored by the state. The colonial era and the plural society commercialization opening of the delta, forestry, resource extraction integration with global trade immigration south asian, chinese rangoon busiest immigration destination exclusion burmans rural, agricultural, marginal cultural marginalization js furnivall s plural society there was a sharp. It is worth repeating furnivall s influential passage. Oleh jacobs 1993 yang menyatakan kehidupan sesebuah masyarakat. Furnivall who first used the concept of plural society in. Readers who have a firm grounding in burmese history may safely skip over the first three chapters. He is credited with coining the concept of the plural society and had a noted career as an influential historian of southeast asia, particularly of the dutch east indies and british burma. On the one hand it has been hailed as essential for comparative sociology m. Menurut furnivall, masyarakat plural adalah masyarakat yang terdiri dari dua atau lebih unsurunsur atau tatanantatanan sosial yang berdampingan, tetapi tidak bercampur dan menyatu dalam satu unit politik tunggal.
How have rankand file south africans taken to these new institutional. Also, furnivall, the political economy of the tropical far east, journal of the royal central asiatic society, 29, 1942, pp 195210, and furnivall. Race and religion in southeast asia the plural society and. S furnivall 1944, 1945, 1948 has gained wide currency in the last few years. Di dalam sebuah masyarakat majmuk yang demokratik, reka bentuk bandar.
Plural society rex major reference works wiley online library. John sydenham furnivall wikipedia bahasa indonesia. The title of the book, blood, dreams and gold, is a phrase from a poem written about colonialera rangoon now yangon, then the countrys capital, written by the wonderful chilean poet pablo neruda. Indeed, so cosmopolitan was rangoon that a british academic and colonial administrator, j.
According to harry eckstein 1966, plural society is a separate society because of various ethnic, cultural, language, beliefs, and ideological. Neruda lived in rangoon during its heyday, when it was one of the most uptodate, prosperous and cosmopolitan. Borrowing furnivals perspective on plural society of indonesian archipelago in colonial era, we saw that there are phenomena of formed plural society characterized by race and division of caste based on race. Plural society theory pluralism and social stratification m. New problems arise when the colonial power withdraws. Until independence in 1957, malaysia malaya, singapore, north borneo and sarawak was very much a plural society and very much a model as described by furnivall 1949 inheriting social, economic and politicalvestiges of the colonial policy of divide andrule. Furnivall, the british scholar bureaucrat who first coined the termplural society, wrote a brilliant book that has been largely ignored ever since furnivall 1939. On of the earliest studies of cultural pluralism was by j. The term plural society which is associated with the writings of j.
The events of 1905 convinced wagner that russia still had to be a police state, but he. He does not accept all aspects of the primordialist. Tamils occupied the lowest echelon as manual labourers, while the supervisory and. Masyarakat indonesia pada masa hindia belanda, demikianlah menurut furnivall, merupakan suatu masyarakat majemuk plural society, yakni suatu masyarakat yang terdiri atas dua atau lebih elemen yang hidup sendirisendiri tanpa ada pembauran satu sama lain di dalam kesatuan politik js furnivall, netherlands india. Adolph wagner and the plural society adolph wagner and the plural society wright, h. A theory of such colonial and postcolonial societies draws particularly on the work of j. The book is driven by the goal of consolidating and stabilising burmas plural society, focusing on the importance of the welfare of the native population. Thus such approaches as plural society theory, sociobiology, marxism, weberianism, the anthropological theory of ethnicity and psychological theories of identity all seem to be making imperialist demands to command the whole. The paper discusses four visions of the contemporary ethnically plural city under conditions. Furnivall, a british scholar with many years of both administrative and academic experience in the british and dutch colonies of the far east.
The predominantly rural and agrarian bamar population became economically marginal in their own homeland. Rydgren 2017 views political parties as asserting national identity and. One chapter, entitled plural economy, has a universality that deserves to be seriously revisited for two reasons. Help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file. Furnivall5 coined the term plural society to describe the social and economic pattern which he claimed to be common to all tropical dependen cies. Aug 02, 2014 yangons plural society, which prompted furnivall to think about all this in the first place, was, after all, a precursor to todays highly global cities, with all the riches that accrue to them.
The plural society argument began with the colonial period. The ecological interdependence, or the lack of competition, between ethnic groups may be based on the different activities in the same region or on longterm occupation of different regions in the defined by j s furnivall as a medley of peoples european, chinese, indian and native, who do mix but do not combine. Menurut pendapat saya, cara yang terbaik adalah dengan merubah masyarakat majemuk plural society. Relations between ethnic groups were full of distrust. Reinterpreting the plural society in burma volume 39 issue 2. John sydenham furnivall seringkali dikutip dengan nama js furnivall atau j. As always, furnivall s descriptions are lush and every scene is action packed. Diterbitkan pertama kali tahun 1937 dengan judul nederlands indiaa study of plural economy oleh cambridge university press. Race and religion in southeast asia the plural society. This is typical in west dutch colonial society, in this term, dutch hindia.
Colonial structure, chinese minority and racial violence in. Furnivall s concept of plural society and were generated by the negative images of native populations and the precarity of colonial rule. Furnivall, coined the term plural society specifically to describe this new society, a clear precursor of todays globalised cities such as new york or london. Shadows on the nile is a mix of historical fiction, romance, and mystery, and best of all, its set in egypt and is chock full of sherlock holmes references. This period of colonialism in malaysia fits the mold of j.
Apr 05, 20 they had pet academics like js furnivall. Marxist ideology to which the plural society theory is an alterna tive. John sydenham furnivall often cited as js furnivall or j. Smith contended that such plural societies represented a separate form of society 1960. He takes his point of departure from the implicit conflict between the concept of plural society, as originated by j. The ecological interdependence, or the lack of competition, between ethnic groups may be based on the different activities in the same region or on long. Thus the plural society is, according to furnivall, adam smiths ideal given literal expression.
Smith, the plural society in the british west indies, 1965 extended furnivall s usage to include the postcolonial and multiracial societies of the caribbean and south africa which were seen as being socially and culturally pluralist if not strictly so in terms of the division of labour. He published several books over a long career, including the influential colonial policy and practice and wrote for more than 20 major journals, although his work is now criticized as being eurocentric and biased in favor o. G smith 1960, 763 and as fuel of crucial and strategic importance for sociological theory rex 1959, 114. English law and the making of crown colony government in the straits settlements jack jin gary lee asian journal of law and society volume 2 issue 02 november 2015, pp 229 249 doi. Konsep masyarakat majemuk sebagaimana yang digunakan oleh ahliahli ilmu kemasyarakatan dewasa ini memang merupakan perluasan dari konsep furnivall tersebut. A plural society is defined by fredrik barth as a society combining ethnic contrasts. Dec 16, 2009 read furnivall s plural society and leachs political systems of highland burma, sojourn. Week 5 week 3 js furnivall plural society multiple ethnicities within the same political unit. On conflict, race relations, and the theory of the plural society. Colonial structure, chinese minority and racial violence. Menurut furnivall, masyarakat plural adalah masyarakat yang terdiri dari dua atau. Plural society and the challenge of democratic practice in. Epistemologi pendidikan multikultural di indonesia ahmad. Where the precolonial pattern of the archipelago had been one of extensive trade and cultural mixing, the dutch east india companys policy of monopolizing trade built new barriers between ethnic groups.
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